市售进口Camembert干酪的游离脂肪酸和挥发性风味物质对比研究

分别采用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)法和顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)-GC-MS法对6种不同品牌的市售Camembert干酪的游离脂肪酸和挥发性风味化合物进行比较分析。结果表明:6种市售进口Camembert干酪中的游离脂肪酸种类是一致的,肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸是水解生成量较多的游离脂肪酸,且6种样品的总游离脂肪酸含量差异不显著;6种样品所含的挥发性风味化合物含量存在显著性差异,其中样品FRA1和FRA2的羧酸类化合物含量最高,而其他4种样品的酮类化合物含量较高,这可能与干酪的成熟度有关;感官评价结果表明,样品FRA1和FRA2的单项感官指标评分和总体评分均较低,其他4种干酪得分无显著性差异。     

河南浓香型烟叶产区气候条件分析

为揭示河南浓香型烤烟风格特点与气候条件的关系,基于河南烟区64个气象站1981—2010年30 a气候值资料,采用统计分析方法,分析了河南烟区Ⅰ区(许昌、周口、漯河、平顶山、南阳、信阳和驻马店)和Ⅱ区(三门峡和洛阳)浓香型烟叶典型生态区的气候特征及全生育期气象因子的演变规律和匹配变化特征。结果表明:河南烟区Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区,伸根期平均气温增加迅速,降雨量和日照时数变化较为平稳,该时期是冰雹和大风灾害易发阶段;旺长期平均气温增加迅速,降雨量增加,日照时数减少,该时期易遭受高温热害;成熟期平均气温迅速下降,降雨量和日照时数显著减少,该时期易遭受连阴雨灾害。从总体上看,河南烟区光温水的变化规律与浓香型烤烟生长需求匹配协调,且表现出旺长期"雨热同期日照足"与伸根期和成熟期"温高雨少日照足"的气候优势,但也可能出现前期冰雹大风、中后期高温热害和连阴雨灾害的不利气候。     

桑叶粉对新西兰白兔免疫与抗氧化功能及肌肉风味的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平桑叶粉对新西兰白兔免疫与抗氧化功能及肌肉风味的影响。选用120只35日龄断奶的新西兰白兔,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只(公母各占1/2)。4组试验兔分别饲喂桑叶粉添加水平为0(对照组)、15%(试验Ⅰ组)、20%(试验Ⅱ组)、25%(试验Ⅲ组)的试验饲粮,试验期为35 d。结果显示:试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。随着桑叶粉添加水平的增加,血清溶菌酶(LZM)活性呈上升趋势,且试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。试验I组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P0.01)。血清丙二醛(M DA)含量在各试验组间无显著差异(P0.05),但各试验组均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。随着桑叶粉添加水平的增加,血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)呈现上升趋势,且各试验组均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组背最长肌中肌苷酸含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组腿肌中肌苷酸含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验Ⅰ组与试验Ⅱ组背最长肌和腿肌中必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、总氨基酸以及多不饱和脂肪酸含量均高于对照组(P0.05)。由此得出,桑叶粉在改善新西兰白兔免疫与抗氧化功能及肌肉风味方面有很好的效果,并且以15%~20%添加水平效果较佳。     

轻糖原味菠萝蜜果干加工技术优化

[目的]探索轻糖原味菠萝蜜果干加工关键技术,为生产轻糖原味无硫新型果干提供技术参考.[方法]以干苞黄肉菠萝蜜为原料,采用单因素试验与正交试验相结合的方法,研究不同成熟度菠萝蜜对原味果干加工特性的影响、果肉不同预处理方式对糖渍工艺和果干质量的影响、不同复合糖液配比对果干质量的影响,确定轻糖原味菠萝蜜果干加工关键工艺技术的最佳方案.[结果]轻糖原味菠萝蜜果干加工最佳工艺:采用1000 mg/L乙烯利、45℃下催熟72 h的80%~90%成熟度菠萝蜜为原料,在加入0.6%D-异抗坏血酸钠的80℃清水中热烫3 min,再采用直接加糖、间歇强制循环复合糖液(糖水初始糖度25°Bx、75%麦芽糖浆添加量15%和甘油添加量0.3%)的技术进行糖浸,直至糖液稳定在35°Bx后捞起沥干糖水,烘干后制成的轻糖原味菠萝蜜果干水分≤18%、总糖(以还原糖计)≤60%、二氧化硫残留≤0.02 g/kg,具有新鲜菠萝蜜特有的果香味,质地柔软,甜度适中,口感较好.[结论]综合运用熟果加工技术、热烫杀菌灭酶无硫护色联合处理技术和间歇强制循环轻浓度复合糖液浸渍技术生产的菠萝蜜果干,具有新鲜菠萝蜜特有的果香味,总糖含量和二氧化硫残留量低,可实现果干的原味化、轻糖化和无硫化,该技术可用于轻糖原味无硫新型果干的工厂化生产.     

茶叶生物化学研究进展

茶叶生物化学是研究茶树生命化学的科学,主要在生物化学与分子水平上探讨茶树特别是新梢中特征性次级代谢产物的合成途径、结构与功能,以及在茶叶加工及贮藏过程中的转化规律,与茶叶品质形成的关系。近年来,茶叶生物化学主要侧重在与茶叶品质和健康功效密切相关的儿茶素、咖啡碱、茶氨酸、萜烯类香气物质等合成途径的研究,并在茶树基因组、特异性茶树种质资源代谢组、茶叶加工过程代谢谱、茶叶品质化学等领域开展了深入研究,取得了一些突破性进展。茶叶生物化学作为茶叶科学的基础,其研究成果为茶树栽培和育种、茶叶加工和深加工、茶叶贸易和茶文化提供了理论依据和方法手段。随着行业和科技的发展,茶叶生物化学研究的深入和拓展,在茶产业的可持续发展中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。     

固相微萃取分析海南地区黑胡椒粉风味成分

采用固相微萃取采集海南地区黑胡椒粉的挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱法分析鉴定,并用总离子流色谱峰的峰面积进行归一化定量分析其风味成分,共鉴定出α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、异松油烯和石竹烯等15种化合物。     

Geosmin and Off-Flavor in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract

The concentration of geosmin (1,10-trans-dimethyl-trans-9-decaol) in fresh tilapia were analyzed by applying high-vacuum distillation, extraction and gas chromatography techniques. The distribution of geosmin in the fish was determined by examining tissues from various parts of tilapia, along with the rates of geosmin absorption and purging. Analysis showed that when geosmin was added to fish flesh at concentrations ranging from 2.8 to 390 μg per kg of flesh, the rate of recovery was 51 to 89%. Sensory evaluation detected muddy flavor in freshwater tilapia with geosmin content ranging from 7.55 to 9.85 μg/kg of fish flesh. However, panelists failed to detect muddy flavor in brackish water tilapia that contained geosmin only in the range of 1.5 to 2.6 μg/kg. Among various tissues of the fish, the intestines contained the highest geosmin concentration, and appeared in descending order in the abdominal, skin and muscle tissues. After holding for 2 h in water with 5 and 50 μg/l geosmin, tilapia absorbed 17.6 and 42.2 μg/kg geosmin in the flesh, respectively. Holding the fish over longer periods in water with higher geosmin content resulted in a greater amount of absorption. In contrast, transferring muddy-flavored fish to static clean water purged geosmin from the fish but it required at least 16 days to eliminate the muddy flavor.     

BOOK REVIEW

No abstract available for this article.     

Monitoring Quality of Packaged Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes alutus) in Storage

Pacific ocean perch stored under vacuum, 100% CO₂ or air at -3°C and 3°C was subjected to sensory, trimethylamine (TMA), color, microbial and volatile analyses. Unpleasant sensory attributes, TMA and microbial content were negatively correlated to overall quality, and Hunter 'L' value increased with storage time. Principal factor analysis of sensory data resulted in three factors that accounted for 71% of the variance, with factor 1 (53%) mainly related to poor quality attributes. Volatiles analyzed by the dynamic headspace technique included alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, aromatics and alcohols. Canonical variate analysis on volatile compounds separated excellent and poor quality fish samples, while good and medium samples were grouped together.     

Seasoned Sprat Products’ Acceptance in Estonia and in Thailand

The aim of the study was to describe and evaluate competitiveness of Estonian spice-cured sprat products in Estonia and Thailand. Sample A was saltiest, Sample B had lowest overall spiciness, and Sample C had highest pepper flavor and sour taste intensity. The main drivers of consumer acceptance for the spice-cured sprat products were different: flavor and appearance in Estonia and appearance and odor in Thailand. In Estonia, one cluster of consumers liked the traditional (Sample A) and lightly spiced (Sample B) sprat products, while the other cluster liked the traditional (Sample A) and the marinated (Sample C) sprat products. In Thailand, all samples scored low, but manual clustering indicated that marinated (Sample C) sprat products are most acceptable. The current study showed that spice-cured sprat products in general can be accepted by Thai consumers, especially as part of meals, if further flavor development is carried out with the products.